Human study Human Performance Oral lactate Acid-base balance
Effects of Oral Lactate Supplementation on Acid–Base Balance and Prolonged High-Intensity Interval Cycling Performance
Bordoli, C. et al. · [Journal placeholder — verify] · 2023
- Main finding
- Investigated whether acute oral lactate supplementation alters acid–base balance and performance during prolonged high-intensity interval cycling in trained participants.
- Practical relevance
- One of the more directly applied human trials of oral lactate as an ergogenic aid for interval-based endurance work.
- Limitations
- Small sample typical of acute crossover designs; findings require replication across populations and protocols.
Human study Human Performance Oral lactate Metabolism
The Influence of Acute Oral Lactate Supplementation on Responses to Cycle Ergometer Exercise
Ewell, M. et al. · [Journal placeholder — verify] · 2022
- Main finding
- Examined acute physiological and metabolic responses to oral lactate supplementation during cycle ergometer exercise.
- Practical relevance
- Adds to the small but growing body of controlled human work characterising how ingested lactate behaves during exercise.
- Limitations
- Acute design; does not address chronic supplementation or trained-athlete competition settings.
Review Review Fuel Sports nutrition Metabolism
What the Lactate Shuttle Means for Sports Nutrition
Brooks, G. A. · Nutrients · 2021
- Main finding
- Argues that, given lactate's central metabolic role, exogenous lactate and lactate-based formulations are a plausible and under-explored avenue for sports nutrition.
- Practical relevance
- Directly motivates research into oral and exogenous lactate as a fuelling strategy for athletes.
- Limitations
- Conceptual review; calls for — rather than provides — controlled human performance trials.
Human study Human Metabolism Appetite Gastric emptying
Oral Lactate Slows Gastric Emptying and Suppresses Appetite in Young Males
Pedersen, H. et al. · [Journal placeholder — verify] · 2021
- Main finding
- Reported that oral lactate ingestion slowed gastric emptying and reduced subjective appetite in young male participants.
- Practical relevance
- Relevant to gut tolerance, fuelling strategy and the formulation of lactate-based products for endurance settings.
- Limitations
- Specific population (young males); gastrointestinal and appetite effects may interact with exercise feeding strategies in ways not yet characterised.
Animal model Animal Metabolism Fuel Lactate shuttle
Hui, S. et al. · Cell Metabolism · 2020
- Main finding
- Using isotope tracing in mice, shows that lactate is one of the most rapidly circulating and exchanged metabolites, serving as a primary carbon source for the TCA cycle across many tissues.
- Practical relevance
- Provides mechanistic, quantitative support for lactate being a major systemic fuel rather than a by-product.
- Limitations
- Conducted in rodents; absolute flux values may differ in exercising humans.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.09.013 →
Review Review Lactate shuttle Metabolism Fuel
Brooks, G. A. · Cell Metabolism · 2018
- Main finding
- Synthesises decades of evidence positioning lactate as a central node of metabolism — a major carbon source, signalling molecule and gluconeogenic precursor — rather than a metabolic dead-end.
- Practical relevance
- Provides the theoretical foundation for viewing lactate as a usable energy substrate, underpinning interest in exogenous lactate.
- Limitations
- Narrative review; integrates heterogeneous evidence rather than reporting a single controlled experiment.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.03.008 →
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